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# socket.io
[](https://travis-ci.org/socketio/socket.io)
[](https://david-dm.org/socketio/socket.io)
[](https://david-dm.org/socketio/socket.io#info=devDependencies)
[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/socket.io)
[](http://slack.socket.io)
## How to use
The following example attaches socket.io to a plain Node.JS
HTTP server listening on port `3000`.
```js
var server = require('http').createServer();
var io = require('socket.io')(server);
io.on('connection', function(client){
client.on('event', function(data){});
client.on('disconnect', function(){});
});
server.listen(3000);
```
### Standalone
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.on('connection', function(client){});
io.listen(3000);
```
### In conjunction with Express
Starting with **3.0**, express applications have become request handler
functions that you pass to `http` or `http` `Server` instances. You need
to pass the `Server` to `socket.io`, and not the express application
function.
```js
var app = require('express')();
var server = require('http').createServer(app);
var io = require('socket.io')(server);
io.on('connection', function(){ /* … */ });
server.listen(3000);
```
### In conjunction with Koa
Like Express.JS, Koa works by exposing an application as a request
handler function, but only by calling the `callback` method.
```js
var app = require('koa')();
var server = require('http').createServer(app.callback());
var io = require('socket.io')(server);
io.on('connection', function(){ /* … */ });
server.listen(3000);
```
## API
### Server
Exposed by `require('socket.io')`.
### Server()
Creates a new `Server`. Works with and without `new`:
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
// or
var Server = require('socket.io');
var io = new Server();
```
### Server(opts:Object)
Optionally, the first or second argument (see below) of the `Server`
constructor can be an options object.
The following options are supported:
- `serveClient` sets the value for Server#serveClient()
- `path` sets the value for Server#path()
The same options passed to socket.io are always passed to
the `engine.io` `Server` that gets created. See engine.io
[options](https://github.com/socketio/engine.io#methods-1)
as reference.
### Server(srv:http#Server, opts:Object)
Creates a new `Server` and attaches it to the given `srv`. Optionally
`opts` can be passed.
### Server(port:Number, opts:Object)
Binds socket.io to a new `http.Server` that listens on `port`.
### Server#serveClient(v:Boolean):Server
If `v` is `true` the attached server (see `Server#attach`) will serve
the client files. Defaults to `true`.
This method has no effect after `attach` is called.
```js
// pass a server and the `serveClient` option
var io = require('socket.io')(http, { serveClient: false });
// or pass no server and then you can call the method
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.serveClient(false);
io.attach(http);
```
If no arguments are supplied this method returns the current value.
### Server#path(v:String):Server
Sets the path `v` under which `engine.io` and the static files will be
served. Defaults to `/socket.io`.
If no arguments are supplied this method returns the current value.
### Server#adapter(v:Adapter):Server
Sets the adapter `v`. Defaults to an instance of the `Adapter` that
ships with socket.io which is memory based. See
[socket.io-adapter](https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-adapter).
If no arguments are supplied this method returns the current value.
### Server#origins(v:String):Server
Sets the allowed origins `v`. Defaults to any origins being allowed.
If no arguments are supplied this method returns the current value.
### Server#origins(v:Function):Server
Sets the allowed origins as dynamic function. Function takes two arguments `origin:String` and `callback(error, success)`, where `success` is a boolean value indicating whether origin is allowed or not.
__Potential drawbacks__:
* in some situations, when it is not possible to determine `origin` it may have value of `*`
* As this function will be executed for every request, it is advised to make this function work as fast as possible
* If `socket.io` is used together with `Express`, the CORS headers will be affected only for `socket.io` requests. For Express can use [cors](https://github.com/expressjs/cors).
### Server#sockets:Namespace
The default (`/`) namespace.
### Server#attach(srv:http#Server, opts:Object):Server
Attaches the `Server` to an engine.io instance on `srv` with the
supplied `opts` (optionally).
### Server#attach(port:Number, opts:Object):Server
Attaches the `Server` to an engine.io instance that is bound to `port`
with the given `opts` (optionally).
### Server#listen
Synonym of `Server#attach`.
### Server#bind(srv:engine#Server):Server
Advanced use only. Binds the server to a specific engine.io `Server`
(or compatible API) instance.
### Server#onconnection(socket:engine#Socket):Server
Advanced use only. Creates a new `socket.io` client from the incoming
engine.io (or compatible API) `socket`.
### Server#of(nsp:String):Namespace
Initializes and retrieves the given `Namespace` by its pathname
identifier `nsp`.
If the namespace was already initialized it returns it immediately.
### Server#emit
Emits an event to all connected clients. The following two are
equivalent:
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.sockets.emit('an event sent to all connected clients');
io.emit('an event sent to all connected clients');
```
For other available methods, see `Namespace` below.
### Server#close([fn:Function])
Closes socket.io server.
The optional `fn` is passed to the `server.close([callback])` method of the
core `net` module and is called on error or when all connections are closed.
The callback is expected to implement the common single argument `err`
signature (if any).
```js
var Server = require('socket.io');
var PORT = 3030;
var server = require('http').Server();
var io = Server(PORT);
io.close(); // Close current server
server.listen(PORT); // PORT is free to use
io = Server(server);
```
### Server#use
See `Namespace#use` below.
### Namespace
Represents a pool of sockets connected under a given scope identified
by a pathname (eg: `/chat`).
By default the client always connects to `/`.
#### Events
- `connection` / `connect`. Fired upon a connection.
Parameters:
- `Socket` the incoming socket.
### Namespace#name:String
The namespace identifier property.
### Namespace#connected:Object<Socket>
Hash of `Socket` objects that are connected to this namespace indexed
by `id`.
### Namespace#clients(fn:Function)
Gets a list of client IDs connected to this namespace (across all nodes if applicable).
An example to get all clients in a namespace:
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.of('/chat').clients(function(error, clients){
if (error) throw error;
console.log(clients); // => [PZDoMHjiu8PYfRiKAAAF, Anw2LatarvGVVXEIAAAD]
});
```
An example to get all clients in namespace's room:
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.of('/chat').in('general').clients(function(error, clients){
if (error) throw error;
console.log(clients); // => [Anw2LatarvGVVXEIAAAD]
});
```
As with broadcasting, the default is all clients from the default namespace ('/'):
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.clients(function(error, clients){
if (error) throw error;
console.log(clients); // => [6em3d4TJP8Et9EMNAAAA, G5p55dHhGgUnLUctAAAB]
});
```
### Namespace#use(fn:Function):Namespace
Registers a middleware, which is a function that gets executed for
every incoming `Socket`, and receives as parameters the socket and a
function to optionally defer execution to the next registered
middleware.
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.use(function(socket, next){
if (socket.request.headers.cookie) return next();
next(new Error('Authentication error'));
});
```
Errors passed to middleware callbacks are sent as special `error`
packets to clients.
### Socket
A `Socket` is the fundamental class for interacting with browser
clients. A `Socket` belongs to a certain `Namespace` (by default `/`)
and uses an underlying `Client` to communicate.
It should be noted the `Socket` doesn't relate directly to the actual
underlying TCP/IP `socket` and it is only the name of the class.
### Socket#use(fn:Function):Socket
Registers a middleware, which is a function that gets executed for
every incoming `Packet` and receives as parameter the packet and a
function to optionally defer execution to the next registered
middleware.
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.on('connection', function(socket){
socket.use(function(packet, next){
if (packet.doge === true) return next();
next(new Error('Not a doge error'));
});
```
Errors passed to middleware callbacks are sent as special `error`
packets to clients.
### Socket#rooms:Object
A hash of strings identifying the rooms this client is in, indexed by
room name.
### Socket#client:Client
A reference to the underlying `Client` object.
### Socket#conn:Socket
A reference to the underlying `Client` transport connection (engine.io
`Socket` object). This allows access to the IO transport layer, which
still (mostly) abstracts the actual TCP/IP socket.
### Socket#request:Request
A getter proxy that returns the reference to the `request` that
originated the underlying engine.io `Client`. Useful for accessing
request headers such as `Cookie` or `User-Agent`.
### Socket#id:String
A unique identifier for the session, that comes from the
underlying `Client`.
### Socket#emit(name:String[, …]):Socket
Emits an event identified by the string `name` to the client.
Any other parameters can be included.
All datastructures are supported, including `Buffer`. JavaScript
functions can't be serialized/deserialized.
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.on('connection', function(client){
client.emit('an event', { some: 'data' });
});
```
### Socket#join(name:String[, fn:Function]):Socket
Adds the client to the `room`, and fires optionally a callback `fn`
with `err` signature (if any).
The client is automatically a member of a room identified with its
session id (see `Socket#id`).
The mechanics of joining rooms are handled by the `Adapter`
that has been configured (see `Server#adapter` above), defaulting to
[socket.io-adapter](https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-adapter).
### Socket#leave(name:String[, fn:Function]):Socket
Removes the client from `room`, and fires optionally a callback `fn`
with `err` signature (if any).
**Rooms are left automatically upon disconnection**.
The mechanics of leaving rooms are handled by the `Adapter`
that has been configured (see `Server#adapter` above), defaulting to
[socket.io-adapter](https://github.com/socketio/socket.io-adapter).
### Socket#to(room:String):Socket
Sets a modifier for a subsequent event emission that the event will
only be _broadcasted_ to clients that have joined the given `room`.
To emit to multiple rooms, you can call `to` several times.
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.on('connection', function(client){
client.to('others').emit('an event', { some: 'data' });
});
```
### Socket#in(room:String):Socket
Same as `Socket#to`
### Socket#compress(v:Boolean):Socket
Sets a modifier for a subsequent event emission that the event data will
only be _compressed_ if the value is `true`. Defaults to `true` when you don't call the method.
```js
var io = require('socket.io')();
io.on('connection', function(client){
client.compress(false).emit('an event', { some: 'data' });
});
```
### Socket#disconnect(close:Boolean):Socket
Disconnects this client. If value of close is `true`, closes the underlying connection.
Otherwise, it just disconnects the namespace.
#### Events
- `disconnect`
- Fired upon disconnection.
- **Arguments**
- `String`: the reason of the disconnection (either client or server-side)
- `error`
- Fired when an error occurs.
- **Arguments**
- `Object`: error data
- `disconnecting`
- Fired when the client is going to be disconnected (but hasn't left its `rooms` yet).
- **Arguments**
- `String`: the reason of the disconnection (either client or server-side)
These are reserved events (along with `connect`, `newListener` and `removeListener`) which cannot be used as event names.
### Client
The `Client` class represents an incoming transport (engine.io)
connection. A `Client` can be associated with many multiplexed `Socket`s
that belong to different `Namespace`s.
### Client#conn
A reference to the underlying `engine.io` `Socket` connection.
### Client#request
A getter proxy that returns the reference to the `request` that
originated the engine.io connection. Useful for accessing
request headers such as `Cookie` or `User-Agent`.
## Debug / logging
Socket.IO is powered by [debug](https://github.com/visionmedia/debug).
In order to see all the debug output, run your app with the environment variable
`DEBUG` including the desired scope.
To see the output from all of Socket.IO's debugging scopes you can use:
```
DEBUG=socket.io* node myapp
```
## Testing
```
npm test
```
This runs the `gulp` task `test`. By default the test will be run with the source code in `lib` directory.
Set the environmental variable `TEST_VERSION` to `compat` to test the transpiled es5-compat version of the code.
The `gulp` task `test` will always transpile the source code into es5 and export to `dist` first before running the test.
## License
[MIT](LICENSE)